Digital Electronics

The pivot from continuous analog to the two-state digital world — logic gates and Boolean algebra, flip-flops and sequential logic, clocks and timing, the buses that carry data between chips, and how digital circuits fail.

• 6.1Logic Gates and Boolean AlgebraThe pivot to digital — two states instead of infinite, the seven logic gates and their truth tables, the Boolean algebra that describes them, and the noise immunity that makes it all robust.IntermediateLow Risk28 min read
• 6.2Flip-Flops and Sequential LogicLogic that remembers — how a bit is stored, the latch and the edge-triggered flip-flop, the D/JK/T types, and the registers, counters, and shift registers built from them.IntermediateLow Risk27 min read
• 6.3Clock Systems and TimingThe heartbeat of digital — the clock that steps all the logic forward together, how it's generated by a crystal, the setup/hold/propagation rules that bound its speed, and why no clock means a dead system.IntermediateLow Risk26 min read
• 6.4Buses and Communication Protocols — I2C, SPI, UARTHow digital chips talk to each other — the bus concept, parallel versus serial, and the three staple serial protocols (UART, SPI, I2C) with their wires, trade-offs, and faults.IntermediateLow Risk28 min read
• 6.5Common Digital Failure ModesHow digital circuits actually break — stuck bits, dead clocks, floating inputs, hung and contended buses, corrupted data, and power/reset faults — and the check-power-clock-reset-then-trace method that localizes them.IntermediateLow Risk27 min read
• Chapter Quiz40questions · 80% required to continue